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Protocol // Protein Structure

mTM-align

Multiple structure alignment (MSA) of protein structures.

Protein Structure languageWebsite menu_bookPaper scheduleApril 03, 2026

Installation

Download the zip file from the website:

wget http://yanglab.nankai.edu.cn/mTM-align/version/mTM-align.tar.bz2

Decompress the file:

tar -xf mTM-align.tar.bz2

A folder with the name mTM-Align will be created. Enter the folder and run:

cd src && m|e && cd ..

Now the program is ready to be used.

Run

Export the PATH so you can run it from your local directory:

export PATH="/home/mTM-align/mTM-align/src:/$PATH"
mTM-align -i <input_list> -outdir <output_folder> -o <superpose_image>

The input_list is a file containing the full path of all PDB files you want to align. Example:

/home/Structure/PDB/2519103099_2519473577_Methanolobus_psychrophilus_R15_b205d_unrelaxed_rank_004_alphafold2_ptm_model_1_seed_000.pdb
/home/Structure/PDB/PDB/2558309039_2558444101_Megasphaera_elsdenii_T81_cf13c_unrelaxed_rank_005_alphafold2_ptm_model_1_seed_000.pdb
/home/Structure/PDB/PDB/637000327_637160692_Treponema_denticola_ATCC_35405_519cf_unrelaxed_rank_001_alphafold2_ptm_model_1_seed_000.pdb
/home/Structure/PDB/PDB/XP_0240649571_a559b_unrelaxed_rank_001_alphafold2_ptm_model_1_seed_000.pdb

To create this input file, go to the folder where the PDB files are and run:

ls > input_file
warning

When doing this, don't forget to open the generated file and delete the input file from the list. Otherwise you won't be able to run the alignment.

To add the path to the beginning of each line, run the following command, replacing /home/info/ with the path where your file is:

sed -i s'#^#/home/info/#' file

Output

Your structure alignment is in the file result.fasta. This file can be used as input to generate a phylogenetic tree in any program, for example IQ-TREE.

Two other important output files are the pairwise alignment tables pairwise_rmsd and pairwise_TMscore. These files report the quality of the alignments as numerical scores and should be processed and combined in a spreadsheet.

Interpret Results

A blog post discussing reliable values for RMSD in protein structure comparison:

open_in_new https://310.ai/blog/several-protein-structures

A preprint discussing the differences between using TM-score and RMSD to validate structural alignment data:

open_in_new https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.11.642719v1.full.pdf